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Nobel Prize in Medicine Honors Discoveries of Telomeres and Telomerase

Category: Science & Technology
By Tina Hesman Saey - ScienceNews.Org - Web edition October 5th, 2009. Sometimes stories that start with pond scum can have good endings. In the case of the single-celled organism called Tetrahymena thermophila, important bits of DNA at the ends of its chromosomes led to a Nobel prize for three scientists.

(Photo credit: Elisabeth Fall/fallfoto.com)
Elizabeth Blackburn







(Photo credit: Johns Hopkins Medicine)
Carol Greider






(Photo credit: Massachusetts General Hospital)
Jack Szostak







Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak will share the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for discovering telomeres, the caps on the end of chromosomes, and telomerase, the enzyme that tacks those caps on, Sweden's Nobel Foundation announced October 5.

Telomeres, repeated sequences of DNA at the end of chromosomes, prevent degradation of genetic material. The discoveries of the sequences and the enzyme adds or elongates them solved a long-standing biological mystery: How do cells replicate chromosomes without losing any genetic information? Telomeres have broad implications for medicine, and may be especially important for cancer, certain inherited diseases and aging.

Once DNA replication was understood, it became obvious that the ends of chromosomes presented a problem, says Titia de Lange, a cell biologist at The Rockefeller University in New York City...MORE...

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